Dwi Rakhmatun Sulistiyaningrum, Barlah Rumhayati, Arie Srihardyastutie
This research investigated the effectiveness of bioremediation of the Lapindo mud-contaminated soil by using an eco-enzyme, in the case of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal. Soil samples were collected from Glagaharum and Gedang Villages, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia, which have been contaminated by the Lapindo mud containing TPH. A bioremediation experiment was carried out ex-situ in a container filled with the contaminated soil samples and watered with eco-enzymes daily. Bioremediation time was optimized at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days while the eco-enzymes concentration was varied at 0, 5, 10, and 15% (v/v). The concentration of TPH in the soil samples was analyzed using the gravimetric method at 0, 7, 4, 21, and 28 days. The results showed that TPH concentration was gradually decreased during remediation. The removal percentage of remediation reached an optimum after 21 days. The TPH was removed optimally by using the eco-enzyme at 15% (v/v) by 95.39%. The bioremediation of contaminated soil using eco-enzymes also increased the levels of total C and total N by 50.97% and 39.43%, respectively. However, this treatment reduces total P by 50.89%. Furthermore, the pH and temperature values for the three samples before and after the bioremediation process exhibited fairly stable, remaining in the pH range of 6-7 and a temperature of 25.7-26.2 °C. (c) 2026 Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
