Irvan Firman Syah Za, Azam Bachur Zaidy, Ketut Sugama, Soebhakti Hasan, Ren Fitriadi, Muhammad Ikhwan Ihtifazhuddin, Sata Yoshida Srie Rahayu, I Made Dedi Mahariawan, K. kamaruddin
Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) is a significant pathogen in shrimp aquaculture, causing high mortality. Environmental factors, particularly temperature fluctuations, are known to trigger IMNV outbreaks. The present study aimed to determine the effects of hyperthermia on the survival rate and incubation period of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with IMNV. The present study utilized a completely randomized design with five treatment groups and three replications. Each replication consisted of 15 shrimp, with an average weight of 9.19 ±0.58 grams, reared in 100 L plastic containers filled with seawater at 26 ppt salinity. The treatment groups consisted of shrimp infected with IMNV via intramuscular injection and reared at temperatures of 30°C (S30, positive control group), 31°C (S31), 32°C (S32), and 33°C (S33). Additionally, a negative control group of non-infected shrimp was reared at 30°C (Sk30). The observation period lasted 10 days post-infection. The present results demonstrated that hyperthermia significantly impacted shrimp mortality and viral incubation. The highest survival rate was observed in the control group at 97.78. Among the infected groups, the highest survival rates were recorded in S30 (51.11) and S31 (48.89), whereas the lowest were in S32 (28.89) and S33 (24.44). In the S33 treatment, higher temperatures reduced the incubation period to 2 days, whereas in the S30 treatment, it lasted for 5 days. The current findings indicated that water temperatures of 32°C and 33°C act as environmental stressors, significantly reducing IMNV incubation period and increasing the risk of mortality in Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp. © The Author(s) 2026 Open Access: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Polytechnic of Marine and Fisheries Pangandaran, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, West Java, Pangandaran, 46396, Indonesia; Technical University of Fisheries, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, West Java, Bogor, 16132, Indonesia; National Research and Innovation Agency, South Jakarta, 12540, Indonesia; Jakarta Technical University of Fisheries, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, West Java, Bogor, 16132, Indonesia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Jendral Soedirman University, Karangwangkal, Purwokerto, 53122, Indonesia; Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, 75117, Indonesia; Enviromental Manajemen Study Program, Post Graduate, Faculty of Fakultas, Universitas Bogor, Indonesia; Study Program of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, National Research and Innovation Agency, West Nusa Tenggara, 83352, Indonesia
